Pioneering Single-Pixel Technology Achieves 3D Imaging of Living Cells

Scientists have developed a groundbreaking three-dimensional single-pixel imaging (3D-SPI) technique

By UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA AUGUST 28, 2023

Scientists have developed a groundbreaking three-dimensional single-pixel imaging (3D-SPI) technique based on 3D light-field illumination. This method enables high-resolution imaging of microscopic objects. The 3D-SPI approach can potentially revolutionize the visualization of various biological absorption contrasts, cell morphology, and growth, presenting new opportunities in biomedical research and optical sensing. (Microscopic imaging artist’s concept.)

Researchers have pioneered a 3D-SPI method that allows high-resolution imaging of microscopic objects, presenting a transformative approach for future biomedical research and optical sensing.

A research team led by Prof. Lei Gong from the University of Science and Technology (USTC) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and collaborators developed a three-dimensional single-pixel imaging (3D-SPI) approach based on 3D light-field illumination(3D-LFI), which enables volumetric imaging of microscopic objects with a near-diffraction-limit 3D optical resolution. They further demonstrated its capability of 3D visualization of label-free optical absorption contrast by imaging single algal cells in vivo.

The study titled “Optical Single-Pixel Volumetric Imaging by Three-dimensional Light-Field Illumination” was published recently in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

Schematic diagram of 3D-SPI technique. Credit: Image by LIU Yifan

Advantages of SPI

Single-pixel imaging (SPI) has become an attractive 3D imaging modality. Through single-pixel detectors instead of conventional array sensors, the performance of SPI exceeds the conventional ones in spectral range, detection efficiency, and timing response. Furthermore, the single-cell cameras outperform conventional imaging methods at weak intensity, single-photon level, and precise timing resolution.

Challenges and Breakthroughs

3D-SPI techniques generally depend on time-of-flight (TOF) or stereovision to extract depth information. However, existing implementations can only reach a millimeter level at best, which is incapable of imaging microscopic objects like cells.

To exceed the resolution limitation, the researchers built a 3D-LFI-SPM prototype. As a result, the prototype achieves an imaging volume of ~390×390×3,800 μm3  and a resolution of up to 2.7 μm laterally and 37 μm axially. They performed label-free 3D imaging of living Haematococcus pluvialis cells and successfully counted the living cells in situ.

Potential Applications

Predictably, the approach can be applied to visualize various absorption contrasts of biological samples. With depth-resolved imaging ability, scientists might be potentially able to monitor cell morphology and growth in situ in the future. The research opens the door to high-performance 3D SPI with applications in biomedical research and optical sensing.

Reference: “Optical single-pixel volumetric imaging by three-dimensional light-field illumination” by Yifan Liu, Panpan Yu, Yijing Wu, Jinghan Zhuang, Ziqiang Wang, Yinmei Li, Puxiang Lai, Jinyang Liang and Lei Gong, 24 July 2023, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304755120